These therapeutic effects are attributed to various bioactive compounds found in XN, such as intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides, adenosine, total polyphenols, and triterpenoids present in its mycelia.

Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) can trigger apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial function in PC12 cells. In this study, PC12 cells treated with H₂O₂ were used as a model to investigate the protective effects of XN mycelia extracts, which were obtained through submerged fermentation. The results highlight XN’s potential in safeguarding neural cells against oxidative damage.